Why do many people find their tumors in the middle and late stages?

  Many people around us pay great attention to active preventive examinations, and we still see some people who participated in routine physical examinations, but left after drawing blood and taking a film. When someone finds out that the cancer is at an advanced stage, they are puzzled: My previous medical report is obviously not a problem?

  Why are so many people "pretending to be cancer-proof"?

  The first is the problem of technical limitations, and the second is the problem of technical level.

  For example, taking lung cancer with the highest mortality rate as an example, in reality, X-rays are still used to detect lung cancer in many areas of our country.

  You know, the probability of early-stage lung cancer detected by X-rays is only 0 to 15%, which is very low. Usually, the lung cancers found by X-rays are basically in the middle and late stages. This is because 43% of the lung area overlaps with tissues such as the heart and mediastinum, and early-stage lung cancer can easily be treated as chronic inflammation.

  And for many people, they just shoot a feature film and leave. This is why many office workers have unit physical examinations every year, but they are still unable to detect cancer. Therefore, although many medical experts are calling for scientific prevention of cancer, after so many years, many Chinese people are pretending to do prevention.

  8 Common Cancer Screenings Everyone Must Know

  Worldwide, there are many studies on cancer screening, some of which have reached a broad consensus, and also have corresponding screening guidelines or expert consensus.

  Cancer screening is a more professional and targeted way of physical examination. It is important to know who to do, what projects to do, and how to do it, which is the fundamental difference between it and the general health checkup.

  1. Lung cancer screening: Do remember to use CT

  X-rays detect lung cancer. Due to its low resolution, the detection rate is relatively low. If lung cancer is diagnosed by chest X-rays, it is often clinically advanced. It can be said that using X-ray films to detect lung cancer is completely pretending to prevent cancer.

  Expert advice: High-definition CT to detect lung cancer can be detected at 1 cm or even 0.8 cm due to its high resolution. It is recommended that middle-aged and elderly people after the age of 50 or those with a family history of lung cancer should replace X-rays with CT during the physical examination. In addition, it is more recommended to use low-dose spiral CT to detect lung cancer, plus several biomarkers, the detection rate can reach more than 90%.

  2. Breast cancer screening: remember to use mammography

  Some people think that CT is a panacea, but it is not. When CT is used for breast cancer detection, there are disadvantages such as low sensitivity and low specificity for breast cancer. In addition, there are some places where infrared rays are used to detect breast conditions. This is not recommended because infrared detection is not in accordance with international standards. The performance of the machine is poor, the sensitivity is low, the error is large, and the doctor's subjective judgment is strong. Do not use this method for testing.

  Expert advice: For the early screening of breast cancer, it is first recommended to judge by mammography. Compared with breast CT, MRI has significantly better results.

  3. Cervical cancer screening: remember to use TCT

  When many people say cervical cancer screening, the first thing that comes to mind is HPV testing. In fact, HPV is a check on the cause. The real effective detection of cervical cancer is TCT examination.

  Experts suggest: TCT is a liquid-based thin-layer cell test. Compared with the traditional cervical smear Pap smear test, it significantly improves the satisfaction of the specimen and the detection rate of abnormal cervical cells. It has been widely used in clinical practice. TCT cervical cancer prevention screening can detect more than 90% of cervical cancer cells, and can also detect precancerous lesions, microbial infections such as mold, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, etc.

4. Prostate cancer screening: Do remember to do PSA screening

 In the physical examination, in addition to the abdominal ultrasound that everyone is familiar with.  However, experts pointed out that abdominal color Doppler ultrasound cannot detect early prostate cancer at all, and it does not even have a diagnosis effect.  Screening for prostate cancer, the best test is PSA prostate specific antigen!

 Experts recommend: men over 50 years old, use the prostate specific antigen (PSA) project to check for prostate cancer.  PSA is cheaper and is the most convenient and sensitive method for early screening of prostate cancer specificity.

 5. Esophageal cancer screening: do remember to do endoscopy

 When it comes to esophageal cancer, many people do not know what to do to check.  The best way to do it is to do an endoscopy.

 Expert advice: It is recommended that high-risk groups of esophageal cancer should undergo ordinary endoscopy first, followed by esophageal mucosal iodine staining or electronic chromoendoscopy. If no suspicious lesions are found under endoscopy, follow up regularly; if suspicious lesions are found under endoscopy  , then perform biopsy pathology, and take corresponding follow-up review and treatment plans according to different pathological results. For example, mild dysplasia is recommended to be followed up every 3 years.

 6. Gastric cancer screening: Do remember to do gastroscopy

 Gastric cancer screening is mainly based on gastroscopy, and the detection rates of other methods are very low.

 Experts suggest that people at high risk of gastric cancer should consider direct gastroscopy screening.  If suspicious lesions are found in gastroscopy, a biopsy will be taken and sent for pathological examination, and corresponding follow-up review and treatment plans will be taken according to the biopsy pathological results.

 7. Colorectal cancer screening: Do remember to do colonoscopy

 The most effective way to screen for colorectal cancer is a colonoscopy.  In many physical examinations, many people are the least willing to do colonoscopy and often ignore it.

 Expert recommendations: 45-75 years: Fecal immunochemical test (every year); or high-sensitivity guaiac fecal occult blood test (every year); or multi-target stool DNA test ((every 3 years)); colonoscopy (every 3 years)  10 years); or CT colonography (every 5 years); or flexible sigmoidoscopy (every 5 years).  All positive results of non-colonoscopy screening tests should prompt prompt colonoscopy.  Adults with good health and life expectancy greater than 10 years should continue screening until age 75.

 8. Liver cancer screening: remember alpha-fetoprotein + B-ultrasound

 Many people choose to do abdominal B-ultrasound during physical examination, thinking that this can detect liver problems, but it is easy to miss the diagnosis.

 Expert advice: high-risk groups (hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus infection, long-term alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, consumption of food contaminated with aflatoxin, liver cirrhosis caused by various causes, and family history of liver cancer, etc.), age 40  It is recommended to consider screening every six months. Most domestic experts recommend regular screening of high-risk groups of liver cancer in combination with alpha-fetoprotein detection and liver ultrasonography. If abnormalities are found, CT or MRI should be considered.

 Finally, remember these methods, and don't "pretend to check cancer" again!

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